剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠11例诊治分析

目的：探讨剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠（CSP）的病因、诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾分析2010年1月～2013年12月我院妇科收治的11例CSP患者临床资料。结果11例患者停经40～75d,入院前无痛性阴道流血7例,大出血4例（3例为外院B超检查诊断为宫内孕,1例为我院诊断为难免流产）。11例患者均用甲氨蝶呤＋米非司酮联合治疗,其中4例患者经药物保守治疗查血β-HCG降至正常后出院,7例药物治疗无效转入手术治疗（2例接受了病灶局部切除＋子宫下段修补术,2例患者行双侧髂内动脉结扎术,3例年龄＞35岁、无生育要求者行全子宫次切除术）。7例手术患者术后1个月血β-HCG降至正常,恢复良好,病理证实子宫瘢痕妊娠。结论CSP临床较少见,易误诊,对有剖宫产术史的患者应尽早行阴道彩色多普勒超声检查,结合妇科检查及实验室检查早期明确诊断。     

Below the surface: Parents’ views on the factors that influence treatment adherence in paediatric burn scar management — A qualitative study

Introduction

Parents have a crucial role to play in burn scar management for their children at a time that is extremely stressful for them and their child. Scar management treatments such as pressure garment therapy (PGT) require high levels of adherence. There has been a lack of research into the factors that may influence adherence in paediatric burn scar management. This qualitative research study has investigated parents’ experiences of scar management and their attempts to adhere to treatment at home. The aim of this paper is to outline parents’ views on the factors that influence adherence.

A comparison of two scar massage protocols in pediatric burn survivors

The current evidence to support the use of massage for scar management is conflicting in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare two scar massage protocols administered with pediatric burn survivors to determine if a more structured and standardized approach to scar massage could improve outcome. A retrospective review of the medical records of 100 children who received massage during the time period when two different protocols were implemented was conducted and data that was collected as part of the clinical exam regarding scar height, vascularity, pliability, itch and pain were extracted. Comparisons were made within subject for scar changes from baseline to follow up and between subjects receiving Protocol A and those receiving Protocol B for the same scar characteristics. Versions of the Vancouver Scar Scale were used to assess scars, while visual analogue scale, Itch Man Scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale were used to assess itch and pain. Results demonstrated improvements in itch and vascularity over time with both scar massage protocols. However, when comparing patients who received Protocol A to those who received Protocol B, there was no difference found in scar height, vascularity, pliability, itch or pain. Using commonly applied subjective scar assessment tools, we did not find clinically meaningful changes in scar characteristics with the implementation of a structured scar massage program compared to a general approach to massage. Further research is needed to better define the impact of massage on the recovery experience for burn survivors.     

Burn scar outcome at six and 12 months after injury in children with partial thickness scalds: Effects of dressing treatment

IntroductionIn line with other researchers in the field of burns’ care, we think that research investigating the long-term outcome of scars is largely lacking. As scarring is of the utmost importance to the patient, clinicians who treat burns must aim to find treatments that lead to a good end result. The aim of this study was to study scar outcomes at six and 12 months after injury. It is an extension of a previous randomised controlled trial (RCT) in which two dressings (porcine xenograft and silver foam dressing) were examined with respect to their ability to help heal partial thickness scalds.MethodChildren aged six months – six years with acute partial thickness scalds, on the trunk, or extremities, or both, were included. In the previous study, the silver foam was found to have significantly shorter healing times than the xenograft. Children were assessed at six and 12 months after injury for this study, and photographs were taken of the burn site, and both the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) and the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) were completed and evaluated by blinded observers.ResultsOf the 58 children from the original RCT, 39 returned to the clinic for evaluation of their scars at six months, and 34 at 12 months after injury. There were no differences in POSAS, VSS total scores, or incidence of hypertrophic scarring between the different dressings. Fifteen children were assessed as having hypertrophic scarring, all of whom had healing times that had extended beyond 14 days.ConclusionsThis study compared burn scarring after two different treatments for burns in children with partial-thickness scalds and the data suggested that neither dressing had a more favourable impact on scar outcome. The conclusion is, however, tempered by the non-return of all the patients to the follow up. However, as anticipated, regardless of the dressing used, longer healing times were associated with higher scar scores (more scarring) and hypertrophic scarring.     

剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠的声像图特征及临床分析

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声在剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠诊治中的价值。方法分析12例剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠患者的声像图特征、临床转归及手术病理结果。结果声像图表现为孕囊型9例和混合回声型3例。其中孕囊型分为3型:①3例孕囊位于切口表面,血流不丰富;②4例孕囊陷入切口内,血流丰富;③2例孕囊自切口处向膀胱方向突起,血流丰富。保守治疗过程中,超声检查显示病灶逐渐缩小,血流逐渐减少到消失,血HCG逐渐降低到正常。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查可以对剖宫产术后切口瘢痕妊娠及时、准确作出诊断;根据声像图特征进行分型,有助于临床选择恰当的治疗方案,并评估疗效。     

瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的介入治疗

目的：探讨经导管双侧子宫动脉栓塞后清宫治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的临床价值。方法：采用介入结合清宫的方法治疗7例瘢痕妊娠患者,用5F cobra导管导管经股动脉超选择插管至双侧子宫动脉灌注MTX（甲氨蝶呤）100 mg,然后用明胶海绵屑栓塞双侧子宫动脉,于3～5 d行清宫术。结果：7例患者均一次手术成功,术中未见出血,随访2～6个月无异常。结论：采用介入栓塞后清宫治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血安全有效,方法简单,不良反应小成功率极高,可有效预防和控制子宫破裂出血,是治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的优选方法之一。     

妊娠晚期子宫下段瘢痕先兆破裂的超声诊断分析

目的探讨超声检查在预测妊娠晚期子宫下段瘢痕先兆破裂中的临床价值。方法经腹超声观察106例有剖宫产史妇女再次妊娠晚期子宫前壁下段的厚度及形态,将超声检查结果分级,对其超声图像特征、分娩结局及术中直视情况进行综合分析。结果Ⅰ级瘢痕子宫下段厚度随着孕周的增加逐渐变薄,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级瘢痕子宫下段厚度变化与孕周无相关性,与Ⅰ级瘢痕相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);本组孕妇的剖宫产率随子宫瘢痕愈合级别的增加而增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级瘢痕愈合者以剖宫产结束妊娠的比例分别为85%和100%,显著高于Ⅰ级瘢痕愈合者,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);32例瘢痕愈合不良中29例行剖宫产并经术中直视证实。结论经腹超声检查可预测先兆子宫破裂,指导临床选择分娩方式,降低母婴围产期风险。     

烧伤创疡再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病患者足部深Ⅱ～Ⅲ度烫伤疗效分析

目的总结分析烧伤创疡再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病患者足部深Ⅱ～Ⅲ度烫伤的临床疗效。方法对2014年1月至2018年6月丰台区南苑医院烧伤创疡科收治的52例足部深Ⅱ～Ⅲ度烫伤合并糖尿病患者在全身综合治疗的基础上局部创面采用烧伤创疡再生医疗技术治疗,观察治疗效果。结果 52例患者中除9例患者创面未愈即出院外,其余43例患者均于创面完全愈合后出院,其中14例患者创面愈合时间为14～30 d,20例患者创面愈合时间为31～90 d,9例患者创面愈合时间为91～190 d。结论烧伤创疡再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病患者足部深Ⅱ～Ⅲ度烫伤,可有效促进创面愈合,减轻瘢痕增生,疗效显著,临床应用价值较高。